The “menstrual cycle” is how our bodies prepare for pregnancy. The cycle has 4 different phases, with varying lengths. Each phase is set off by different hormones, each with their set of accompanying symptoms and emotions. The four phases include: the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, the luteal phase, and menstrual phase.
The Follicular Phase
Also known as the preovulatory phase comes after your period. This phase typically lasts 7 to 14 days, and it prepares an egg for ovulation. This phase usually causes dampness or discharge in your vaginal area. This stage usually feels good—we feel confident, focused, wanting to be more active or connect with others. Our hair and skin looks healthier. A good hair day may mean you are in your follicular phase!
The Ovulatory Phase
After the follicular phase is complete, the luteinizing hormone stimulates the egg to release from your ovaries, which is called ovulation. This usually occurs around day 14. This phase has symptoms like thin and stretchy discharge, breast soreness, mild lower back pain. Emotionally, it may cause an increased sex drive and increased feeling of confidence. We feel more attractive, though in this stage you mood may begin to vary. Watch out for mood swings!
The Luteal Phase
Next, the luteal phase prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy and it lasts about six days. If the egg has been fertilized during sex, the hormone progesterone builds up the lining in your uterus to cradle the new baby. If the egg is not fertilized, progesterone levels decrease to shed the lining in the uterus and expel the egg. At this time, discharge should decrease or dry up, and PMS (post-menstrual syndrome) signs usually kick in like irritability, depressed moods, fatigue and food cravings. That day you felt like crying for no reason? You might have been in your luteal phase!
The Menstrual Phase
Finally, we get to the part we all feel and see–your “period,” also known as the menstrual phase. This begins on the first day of bleeding. When the egg from the previous cycles is not fertilized, and the hormones estrogen and progesterone decrease, the body begins to expel the lining from the uterus and the unfertilized egg. This is the first day of your “menstrual cycle,” although it marks the end of the cycle for that specific egg. This stage has the most notable physical symptoms, apart from bleeding. You may experience bleeding, abdominal cramping, lower back pain, fatigue, sore breasts, and bloating. Emotional changes may include low motivation, food cravings, and sometimes a calm and peaceful mood.